血管紧张素是来源于血管紧张素原的小肽。几种已知的血管紧张素是调节血压的既定内分泌效应物，但它们也已知在一些器官和组织（旁分泌）和细胞水平（自分泌/内分泌）具有其他局部功能。血管紧张素I(DRVYIHPFHL)没有已知的效应器功能，但它是血管紧张素II(DRVYIHPF)的直接前体。血管紧张素II与AT1受体结合，促进血管收缩、钠潴留、醛固酮的释放、氩加压素的释放、细胞增生、炎症、纤维化、焦虑和心脏肥大。血管紧张素A(ARVYIHPF)，和血管紧张素III(RVYIHPF)，也与AT1受体结合。血管紧张素(1-7)(DRVYIHP)结合不同的受体，称为MAS-1，具有相反的作用（血管扩张、利尿、抗扩散、NO释放、PGE释放和细胞凋亡）。血管紧张素IV(VYIHPF)与另一个称为AT4(IRAP)的受体结合，促进血流增加、血管生成和利尿，它也与记忆的形成和阿尔茨海默病的发病机制有关。肽LVV-hemorphin-7（LVVYPWTQRF）不是血管紧张素，但也能与AT4受体结合。还有其他已经确定的血管紧张素肽，包括Ang(1-9)(DRVYIHPFH)、Ang(1-12)(DRVYIHPFHLVI)、Ang V(3-7)(VYIHP)，以及其他几种功能未定的短肽。

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